2016 Ford Transit problems, complaints & recalls

Updated from NHTSA data · How we count

Owners have filed 100 complaints with NHTSA about the 2016 Ford Transit, most often about transmission & drivetrain. There are 21 recalls for this model year.

Complaints
100
Recalls
21
Crashes
4
Fires
3
Injuries
2
Median mileage
100,000 mi
at time of problem

Key facts

  • Transmission & Drivetrain is the most-reported problem area, named in 44 of 100 complaints (44%).
  • Engine (13) and fuel, hybrid & EV propulsion (10) follow.
  • Half of the complaints that list mileage happened before 100,000 mi.
  • Owners reported 4 crashes, 3 fires and 2 injuries.
  • The 2016 Ford Transit has 21 recalls on file.
  • NHTSA has opened 1 defect investigation covering this vehicle.
  • It has the most serious complaint record of all 12 Ford Transit model years we track.
  • That is 11% fewer complaints than the 2015 model year (112).

2016 Ford Transit problems by category

  • 44 complaints
  • Other / Unknown
    16 complaints
  • Engine
    13 complaints
  • Fuel, Hybrid & EV Propulsion
    10 complaints
  • Electrical System · 1 crash
    8 complaints
  • Brakes · 1 crash
    8 complaints
  • Body & Structure
    7 complaints
  • Steering
    6 complaints
  • Seats & Seat Belts
    4 complaints
  • Driver Assistance & Safety Tech · 1 crash
    4 complaints
  • Wheels & Tires
    4 complaints
  • Suspension
    4 complaints
  • Acceleration & Cruise Control
    3 complaints
  • Lighting
    1 complaints

A complaint can mention more than one problem area, so categories add up to more than the total.

Most-reported components

Component (as filed with NHTSA)Complaints
Power train39
Unknown or other15
Engine10
Fuel/propulsion system7
Electrical system7
Steering6
Service brakes5
Structure:body5

When problems happen (mileage)

1Under 10k510k–30k630k–60k1260k–100k16100k–150k11150k+
Mileage at the time of the problem, for 2016 Ford Transit complaints that list mileage.

2016 Ford Transit recalls (21)

  • Recall 25V572000Sep 3, 20251,456,417 vehicles
    BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERA

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2019 Lincoln MKC, Mustang, F-350 SD, F-250 SD, F-450 SD, 2015-2017 Lincoln Navigator, Expedition, 2015-2018 Edge, Transit Connect, 2016-2019 F-550 SD, Transit, 2017-2019 Econoline, and 2019 Ranger vehicles. The rearview camera may display a distorted, inverted, or blank image when the vehicle is in reverse.

    Risk: A rearview camera that displays an inverted, distorted, or blank image can reduce the driver’s view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Dealers will inspect and replace the rearview camera as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 13, 2026. Ford owners will receive letters in phases, beginning January 2026 and June 2026. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S89. This recall expands previous NHTSA recall number 25V270. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning September 8, 2025.

  • Recall 21V631000Aug 11, 202130 vehicles
    PARKING BRAKE:CONVENTIONAL:MECHANICAL:LINKAGE AND CABLE

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2020 Transit vehicles. An incorrect driveshaft torsional damper service kit may have been installed, which can allow the damper shield to contact the parking brake cable, possibly resulting in parking brake failure.

    Risk: Parking brake failure can result in unintended vehicle movement, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Dealers will replace the passenger side parking brake cable with a cable that provides sufficient clearance to the damper shield, free of charge. Interim owner notification letters were mailed on September 24, 2021. Owner notification letters were mailed on March 14, 2022. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 21S39.

  • Recall 19V767000Oct 25, 2019293,558 vehicles
    POWER TRAIN:DRIVELINE:DRIVESHAFT

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Transit vehicles. This recall includes all full-size Transit vehicles previously recalled under 17V-408 except ones that received mechanical universal joint (u-joint) as a remedy and any 156" or 178" wheelbase Chassis Cab and Cut-Away bodies models. The flexible coupling connecting the transmission to the driveshaft may prematurely fail.

    Risk: If the coupling fails, the vehicle will not be able to move under its own power and the disconnected driveshaft may impact and damage the brake and fuel lines. Additionally, the separated driveshaft may allow the vehicle to roll if the vehicle is exited when the transmission is in 'Park' but the parking brake is not applied. These scenarios may increase the risk of a crash or injury.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and as an interim repair, dealers will replace the flexible coupling every 40,000 miles until the final remedy is available. The final remedy will consist of installation of a driveshaft front section equipped with a mechanical u-joint in place of the flexible coupling. These repairs will be made free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on April 1, 2020. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 19S38. Note: This recall supersedes recall number 17V-408.

  • Recall 19V333000Apr 29, 2019544 vehicles
    SEATS

    New England Wheels (New England) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Ford Transit and 2014-2019 Ram Promaster 2500 and 3500 vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman Go-ES Foldaway seats. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: New England has notified owners, directing them to contact Freedman for repairs to the foldaway seats, free of charge. The recall began May 27, 2019. Owners may contact Freedman customer service at 1-800-443-4540 or New England at 1-800-886-9247.

  • Recall 19V329000Apr 26, 2019360 vehicles
    SEATS

    Fenton Mobility Products, Inc. (Fenton Mobility) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman GO-ES Foldaway Seats, part numbers 43705, 45467, 48923, and 75719. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: Fenton Mobility will notify owners, and a Fenton Mobility technician will repair the foldaway seats, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin in June 2019. Owners may contact Fenton Mobility customer service at 1-716-484-7014.

  • Recall 19V313000Apr 18, 20192,080 vehicles
    SEATS

    Mobility Transportation Services (MobilityTrans) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Ford Transit and Ram Promaster vehicles and 2014-2015 Ford Econoline vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman GO-ES Foldaway Seats, part numbers 43705, 45467, 48923, and 75719. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: MobilityTrans will notify owners and Freedman Seating dealers will inspect and repair the foldaway seat, free of charge. The recall began May 19, 2019. Owners may contact Mobility Transportation Services customer service at 1-734-453-6452.

  • Recall 19V271000Apr 3, 20194 vehicles
    EQUIPMENT ADAPTIVE/MOBILITY

    Mobility Specialists, Inc. (Mobility Specialists) is recalling certain 2014-2017 Ford E-150 and Transit vans modified to be equipped with Ricon S-Series and K-Series wheel chair lifts. The wheelchair lift positioning input cam may fail while the lift is in use, allowing the platform to travel higher than the vehicle's floor height.

    Risk: If the wheelchair lift platform stops above the vehicle floor, the wheelchair user can tip inwards toward the vehicle when exiting the lift, increasing their risk of injury.

    Remedy: Mobility Specialists, working with Ricon, has notified the owners. Ricon will provide instructions and materials for replacing defective parts. Owners may contact Ricon customer service at 1-800-322-2884.

  • Recall 19V247000Mar 28, 20194 vehicles
    SEATS

    Cabot Coach Builders, Inc. DBA Royale Limousine (Royale) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit-based mini-coaches equipped with Freedman GO-ES foldaway seats recalled under 18E-076. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: Royale will notify owners and dealers will inspect and repair the seat. The recall began June 6, 2019. Owners may contact Royale customer service at 1-800-544-5587.

  • Recall 19V238000Mar 26, 201912 vehicles
    SEATS

    Vantage Mobility International, LLC (Vantage) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit Van, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, and 2007 Ford F-250-based shuttle vehicles equipped with Freedman GO-3S foldaway seats. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: Vantage has notified owners, instructing them to contact Freedman for a repair kit, free of charge. The recall began March 25, 2019. Owners may contact Freedman customer service at 1-800-443-4540.

  • Recall 19V229000Mar 22, 2019776 vehicles
    SEATS

    TransitWorks is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit, 2018 Ford Transit Connect, and 2016 Dodge Ram ProMaster vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman Seating GO-ES seats. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: TransitWorks has notified owners and instructed them to contact Freedman seats for a repair kit. The recall began December 19, 2019. Owners may contact Freedman Seating customer service at 1-800-443-4540 or TransitWorks customer service at 1-855-337-9543.

  • Recall 19V205000Mar 18, 2019471 vehicles
    SEATS

    Quality Van Sales, Inc. (Quality Van) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit and E-350 vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman GO-ES Foldaway Seat back cushions. The seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 207, "Seating Systems."

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: Quality Van will notify owners and dealers will inspect and repair the foldaway seat, free of charge. The recall began March 21, 2019. Owners may contact Quality Van customer service at 1-800-408-8550.

  • Recall 19V183000Mar 6, 2019137 vehicles
    EQUIPMENT ADAPTIVE/MOBILITY

    Fenton Mobility Products, Inc. (Fenton) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Ford Transit passenger vans modified to be equipped with Ricon S & K Titanium Wheelchair Lifts. The wheelchair lift positioning input cam may fail while the lift is in use, allowing the platform to travel higher than the vehicle's floor height. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 403, "Platform Lift Systems."

    Risk: If the wheelchair lift platform stops above the vehicle floor, the wheelchair user can tip inwards toward the vehicle when exiting the lift, increasing their risk of injury.

    Remedy: Fenton will notify owners, and a service technician will install Ricon Recall Parts Kit RI61396, free of charge. The recall began April 24, 2019. Owners may contact Fenton Mobility customer service at 1-716-484-7014. Fenton's number for this recall is RI61396.

  • Recall 19V332000Mar 1, 201990 vehicles
    SEATS

    Prime-Time Specialty Vehicles (Prime-Time) is recalling certain 2016-2018 Ram ProMaster and Ford Transit vehicles modified to be equipped with Freedman GO-ES Foldaway Seats. When the seat back cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop.

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: Prime-Time Specialty Vehicles has notified owners, and Freedman dealers have inspected and repaired the foldaway seats, free of charge. The recall began November 16, 2018. Owners may contact Freedman customer service at 1-800-443-4540 or Prime-Time Specialty Vehicles at 1-574-293-9191.

  • Recall 19V103000Feb 21, 2019174 vehicles
    POWER TRAIN:DRIVELINE:DRIVESHAFT · POWER TRAIN:DRIVELINE:UNIVERSAL JOINT

    XL Hybrids, Inc (XL) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit vehicles modified to be equipped with XL's electric hybrid system. The cardan (universal) joint on the front driveshaft may fail, possibly causing the front driveshaft to detach.

    Risk: If the front driveshaft detaches from the vehicle, drive power will be lost, increasing the risk of a crash. The detached driveshaft may also create a road hazard, increasing the risk of a crash for following traffic.

    Remedy: XL will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front driveshaft with an updated one, free of charge. The recall began April 15, 2019. Owners may contact XL Hybrid's customer service at 1-833-953-5338.

  • Recall 18V782000Nov 6, 2018475 vehicles
    SEATS

    National Van Builders, Inc. (National Van) is recalling certain 2015-2018 Ford Transit vehicles equipped with Freedman GO-ES Foldaway Seats, part numbers 43705, 45467, 48923, and 75719. When the back seat cushion is rotated from the stowed position to the upright position, the seat cushion may not remain locked into place when under load, such as in a crash or a sudden stop. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) number 207, "Seating Systems."

    Risk: In the event of a crash, if the seat back moves, the seat occupant has an increased risk of injury.

    Remedy: National Van will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and repair the foldaway seat, free of charge. The recall began November 26, 2018. Owners may contact National Van customer service at 1-508-222-2272.

  • Recall 18V275000Apr 30, 201825,658 vehicles
    ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Ford Transit vehicles, equipped with a trailer tow module. Water can enter the tow modules and corrode the wiring causing issues such as rapidly flashing turn signals, loss of instrument panel display, an electrical short and possibly the deployment of seatbelt pretensioner.

    Risk: An electrical short can increase the risk of a fire. Turn signal, instrument cluster or seatbelt pretensioner problems can increase the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will add a drainage hole in the driver's door stepwell and incorporate a fuse into the vehicle's wiring harness, free of charge. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Note: This is an expansion of recall 17V-668 (Ford recall 17S34). Ford's number for this recall expansion is 17S34-S1.

  • Recall 17V668000Oct 23, 201765,206 vehicles
    ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Ford Transit vehicles, equipped with a trailer tow module. Water can enter the tow modules and corrode the wiring causing issues such as rapidly flashing turn signals, loss of instrument panel display, an electrical short and possibly the deployment of seatbelt pretensioner.

    Risk: An electrical short can increase the risk of a fire. Turn signal, instrument cluster or seatbelt pretensioner problems can increase the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will add a drainage hole in the driver's door stepwell and incorporate a fuse into the vehicle's wiring harness, free of charge. The recall began on February 9, 2018. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 17S34.

  • Recall 17V408000Jun 26, 2017372,991 vehicles
    POWER TRAIN:DRIVELINE:DRIVESHAFT

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling all 2015-2017 Transit vehicles except 156" and 178" wheelbase Chassis Cab and Cut-Away bodies. In the affected vehicles, the flexible coupling connecting the transmission to the driveshaft may prematurely fail.

    Risk: If the coupling fails, the vehicle will not be able to move under its own power and the disconnected driveshaft may impact and damage the brake and fuel lines. Additionally, the separated driveshaft may allow the vehicle to roll if the vehicle is exited when the transmission is in 'Park' but the parking brake is not applied. These scenarios may increase the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and as an interim repair, dealers will replace the flexible coupling on any vehicle with more than 30,000 miles. A final remedy repair of a redesigned flexible coupling or a revised driveshaft equipped with a universal joint is being developed and is expected in early 2018. These repairs will be made free of charge. Interim notifications informing owners of the safety risk were mailed July 21, 2017. Owners will receive a second notice when remedy parts become available. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 17S15.

  • Recall 16V618000Aug 24, 20162,013 vehicles
    ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:DIESEL · FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Transit vehicles manufactured July 15, 2015, to April 14, 2016 and equipped with a 3.2L diesel engine. A fuel injector or the fuel volume control valve may clog due to metallic debris within the fuel system.

    Risk: If debris clogs the fuel system, the engine may stall, increasing the risk of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the fuel injection pump and associated parts and, if necessary, will replace the fuel filter and flush the fuel system, free of charge. The recall began on October 14, 2016. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 16S32.

  • Recall 16V188000Apr 4, 201637,066 vehicles
    AIR BAGS:SIDE/WINDOW

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Transit vehicles manufactured March 12, 2014, to March 18, 2016. In the affected vehicles, the side curtain air bag may not deploy with the proper trajectory due to being folded and packaged incorrectly.

    Risk: A side curtain air bag that does not deploy as intended may increase the risk of occupant injury in the event of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and re-orient the side curtain air bag assembly, as necessary, free of charge. The recall began on May 18, 2016. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 16S13.

  • Recall 16V111000Feb 25, 201648,990 vehicles
    SEAT BELTS: REAR/OTHER:BUCKLE ASSEMBLY

    Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Transit vehicles manufactured February 13, 2014, to January 13, 2016 and equipped with rear passenger seats. The rear seat belt buckles may be damaged if a heavy object is placed on, or impacts, the top of the buckle. The damage may prevent the buckle from latching or from remaining latched.

    Risk: An unlatched seat belt increases the risk of injury to the occupant in the event of a crash.

    Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will modify or replace the seat belt buckles, depending on their location in the vehicle, free of charge. The recall began May 18, 2016. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 16S06.

NHTSA defect investigations

  • AQ18001Opened Apr 2, 2018Closed Sep 25, 2024

    Zipcar Rental Concerns

    NHTSA opened this audit query to determine whether Zipcar, Inc. (Zipcar) complied with the requirements of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Safety Act). The Safety Act requires, among other things, that a rental car company not rent, lease, or sell a recalled vehicle until the safety defect or noncompliance is remedied. 49 U.S.C. § 30120(i). Based on NHTSA’s inquiry, including information provided by Zipcar, NHTSA asserted that, during 2017 and 2018, Zipcar rented certain unremedied recalled vehicles in violation of the Safety Act. In October 2023, NHTSA and Zipcar entered in…

Recent 2016 Ford Transit complaints

Excerpts of the newest owner complaints, lightly cleaned of personal details. Complaints are unverified owner reports.

  1. Filed Oct 4, 2026MABody & StructureSteeringSuspension
    Upon auto inspection, I was informed that the subframe of the van was rotted and needed to be addressed. As the vehicle was not put into service until 2017, the van had less than 7 years on it at the time yet this bolt in member which supports the front lower control arms as well as the steering rack was severly compromised. Due to financial constraints, the member wasn't replaced until recently at which point there were multiple locations that the decay was so severe that…
    NHTSA complaint #11768870 · source
  2. Filed Sep 8, 2026GAOther / Unknown
    The rearview camera on my 2016 Ford Transit 150 intermittently fails while the vehicle is in reverse. At times, the rearview mirror display shows a blue/blank screen instead of the rear camera image. At other times, the camera image appears reversed/inverted. Ford Safety Recall 25S89 includes certain 2016 Ford Transit vehicles for a rearview camera condition that can result in a distorted, inverted, or blank image. My vehicle is exhibiting these same symptoms, but VIN [XXX]…
    NHTSA complaint #11762740 · source
  3. Filed Aug 21, 202625,000 miCTDriver Assistance & Safety Tech
    The contact owns a 2016 Ford Transit. The contact stated that while reversing, the back over prevention camera malfunctioned and displayed an upside down or distorted image, with the distance being inaccurate. The contact stated that due to the failure, the vehicle reversed into a fence. The vehicle was not yet repaired. The manufacturer and local dealer were notified of the failure, but no assistance was provided. The contact was informed that the VIN was not included in…
    NHTSA complaint #11758495 · source
  4. Filed Aug 4, 2026197,000 miDETowedTransmission & Drivetrain
    The contact owns a 2016 Ford Transit. The contact stated that while driving 50 MPH, the rubber-flexible coupling between the transmission became shredded into pieces and the vehicle swerved off the road. There were no warning lights illuminated. The vehicle was towed to the independent mechanic, who confirmed that the rubber transmission coupler had failed and needed to be upgraded to the metal version by the manufacturer. The local dealer was contacted and confirmed that…
    NHTSA complaint #11754643 · source
  5. Filed Aug 3, 2026OHCrashDriver Assistance & Safety Tech
    The backup camera and parking collision warning periodically do not work and this resulted in a collision with a parked car.
    NHTSA complaint #11754444 · source
  6. Filed Jul 8, 2026NYOther / Unknown
    I bought the car in 2017 with 7800 miles within the first few months. The rear camera began to freeze sometimes I once went to the dealer but they said they can’t find it because at that point in time it wasn’t freezing so they couldn’t do anything about it now at least 95% of the time the rear camera does not work either is upside down or it doesn’t work at all I see there has been a recall for my year similar vehicles for this problem of the rearview camera. For some…
    NHTSA complaint #11749188 · source
  7. Filed Jun 29, 2026170,000 miTXDriver Assistance & Safety Tech
    The contact owns a 2016 Ford Transit. The contact stated that while attempting to reverse, the back over prevention camera was inoperable. The screen displayed a black screen or a blue screen. Occasionally, the back over prevention camera operated intermittently or displayed a message that the camera was currently unavailable. The contact referenced NHTSA Campaign Number: 25V572000 (Back Over Prevention); as a possible cause for the failure; however, the VIN was not included…
    NHTSA complaint #11747125 · source
  8. Filed Jun 25, 2026KYFuel, Hybrid & EV Propulsion
    My 2016 Ford Transit experienced a sudden loss of engine power while I was driving on the highway. The vehicle entered limp mode, stalled, and emitted excessive black smoke from the exhaust, creating a hazardous situation for me and surrounding motorists. I was forced to pull off the roadway because the vehicle could no longer operate safely. When a warning first appeared, I promptly took the vehicle to an authorized dealer, the dealership preformed some type of update and a…
    NHTSA complaint #11746436 · source

Compare the 2016 Ford Transit with another vehicle →

Other 2016 Ford models

Source: U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Office of Defects Investigation public data, as of Oct 11, 2026. Complaints are submitted by owners and are not verified by NHTSA or by us; a complaint does not prove a defect exists. View this vehicle on NHTSA.gov Methodology